Popes did not live at the Vatican until the 14th century. Even after the construction of the original St. They even left the city altogether in when the papal court moved to Avignon, France, after King Philip IV arranged for a French cardinal to be elected pope.
Seven popes, all French, ruled from Avignon, and the papacy did not return to Rome until , by which time the Lateran Palace had burned and the Vatican started to be used as a papal residence.
Much repair work needed to be done, however, because the Vatican had fallen into such disrepair that wolves dug for bodies in the cemetery and cows even wandered the basilica. Members of the Swiss Guard in Vatican City.
The Swiss Guard was hired as a mercenary force. The Swiss Guard, recognizable by its armor and colorful Renaissance-era uniforms, has been protecting the pontiff since And, yes, the force is entirely comprised of Swiss citizens.
It served as an escape route for popes, most notably in when it likely saved the life of Pope Clement VII during the sack of Rome. As of , the number of people with Vatican citizenship totaled It is a truly unique part of the world, with so much historic, artistic and religious significance that really cannot be missed. Opening Hours may vary.
However, Customer Service is always available at the hours detailed under "Opening Hours" section. A Dark Rome tour is the product of meticulous research, detailed planning, and a passion for providing customers with travel experiences they will cherish forever. With Dark Rome it's not just facts, our passionate guides tell you the stories that bring the sights to life. Religion Papal Audience Of course, religion is a huge part of it.
Art and Architecture St. Learning The Gallery of Maps If you love to learn and soak up information, then a Vatican museum tour is for you. Peace and Quiet The Vatican Gardens It may come as a surprise, given that the Vatican sees millions of tourists pass through its doors every year, but it is a part of Rome where you can find some peace and quiet if need be. Ellen Curtin. Site of the tomb of the Apostle Saint Peter, first of the uninterrupted succession of Roman Pontiffs, and therefore a main pilgrimage centre, the Vatican is directly and tangibly linked with the history of Christianity.
Furthermore, it is both an ideal and an exemplary creation of the Renaissance and of Baroque art. It exerted an enduring influence on the development of the arts from the 16th century.
The boundaries of the city-state contain masterpieces and living institutions that are a witness to the unique continuity of the crucial role played by this place in the history of mankind. Its prestigious history explains the development of an architectural and artistic ensemble of exceptional value.
The Vatican Palace is the result of a long series of additions and modifications by which, from the Middle Ages, the Popes rivalled each other in magnificence. The original building of Nicholas III was enlarged in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries: the history of the arts of the Renaissance and Baroque periods finds here iconic models. In , Sixtus IV founded the Vatican Library, which is the first open to the public in Europe; the collections of manuscripts and books, prints, drawings, coins and decorative arts, constantly increased through the centuries, making it an invaluable repository of human culture.
New buildings were built specifically to house the classical sculptures, such as the Pio-Clementine Museum, which represents a milestone in the history of European culture.
The 19th- and 20th-century additions of new and diverse collections and buildings accord with the tradition of papal patronage. Criterion i : The Vatican, a continuous artistic creation whose progress spreads over centuries, represents a unique masterpiece of the modelling of a space, integrating creations which are among the most renowned of mankind: not only the world famous icon of sacred architecture, the basilica of Saint Peter, but also the chapel of Nicholas V decorated by Fra Angelico, the Borgia apartment with frescoes by Pinturicchio, the Stanze of Raphael and his students, the Sistine Chapel, whose mural decoration, begun by Perugino, Botticelli and other painters, was completed in the 16th century with the frescoes of the ceiling and the monumental Last Judgement by Michelangelo, who left his last murals in the Pauline Chapel.
Criterion ii : The Vatican exerted a deep influence on the development of art from the 16th century. Both within and outside Europe, the Vatican buildings have been abundantly copied and imitated, the paintings the frescoes of Raphael and Michelangelo and the antiquities of the Museums no less so. Criterion iv : The Vatican is both an ideal and exemplary religious and palatial creation of the Renaissance and of Baroque art.
Criterion vi : Site of the tomb of Saint Peter and pilgrimage centre, the Vatican is directly and materially linked with the history of Christianity. For more than a thousand years, mankind has accumulated, in this privileged site, the treasures of its collective memory manuscripts and books of the Library and of its universal genius.
For example, legislative areas are delegated to the Pontifical Commission for the Vatican State. Executive authority is deputized to the President of this commission who is also named the President of the Governorate of Vatican City. Related article: Why you should visit the Vatican Historical Museum? What government does Vatican city have When people think of the Vatican City they most likely think of its religious artwork and the Pope.
But how much do you know of its governance? How did the Vatican become its own city-state? Previous article: Do popes marry?
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