Some females have a third X chromosome in only some of their cells, resulting in no or very mild symptoms of the disorder. Having an extra X chromosome may affect areas of the brain that control what experts call executive functioning. Research suggests that girls with triple X have more anxiety , less-developed social skills, and higher rates of autism. In a study published in the Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , 52 percent of girls who had been diagnosed with triple X met the criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD.
Because of all these factors, girls with the condition can experience low self-esteem and low self-confidence, and have problems with interpersonal relationships. Read more: Why do girls show signs of autism later than boys? Menopause occurs when a woman no longer produces enough hormones to release an egg each month, making her unable to become pregnant.
For most women, menopause occurs around age Some research indicates that women with triple X can stop producing eggs at a younger than average age. If that happens, they may go through menopause early, and then be unable to get pregnant.
In fact, triple X is often first diagnosed when a woman sees her doctor about fertility concerns. Learn more: What causes early menopause? In general, experts note that most women with triple X have normal sexual development and are able to become pregnant and deliver healthy babies just like women without the disorder.
They live healthy lives, which is why so many cases go undetected. A diagnosis can be made through genetic testing. This testing can be performed after birth by taking a blood sample. It can also be done before birth by more sophisticated tests like amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling, which analyze the tissues and cells of a fetus. Girls with this condition look like other girls except they may grow slightly taller than expected.
Most girls and women with this condition never know they have trisomy X unless special testing is done. Medical concerns in trisomy X Most girls with trisomy X are healthy.
However, some medical concerns are more likely with this condition:. Learning and behavior in trisomy X There is a wide range of learning abilities in girls with trisomy X. Intelligence is usually in the normal range; but IQ scores tend to be a little lower than others in the family. Girls with trisomy X may start walking a little later than average. They are also more likely to have speech and language delays. Behavior concerns can include shyness, attention problems, delayed maturity, autism, and difficulty with social skills.
Girls with this trisomy X are also more likely to report low self-esteem and poor self-confidence. However, it is not possible to predict which girls with trisomy X will have learning or behavior concerns. It is estimated that one in every newborn girls has trisomy X. In California, that means one girl is born with trisomy X almost every day. Triple X is not caused by anything the parents did or did not do.
The disorder is a random error in cell division. This error can happen before conception in the reproductive cells of the mother or the father, or early in the embryo's development. When the extra chromosome is due to incorrect cell division in the embryo, a girl may have a mosaic form of triple X syndrome.
This means some cells have an extra X chromosome, but not all do. Girls with this type of triple X syndrome usually have fewer symptoms. Noticeable signs and symptoms of triple X syndrome can vary greatly. Some girls have no obvious signs, while others have mild symptoms. Occasionally, the disorder causes significant problems.
Girls with triple X syndrome also may have delayed development of their social, language, and learning skills.
They also can have problems with reading and understanding math, and may have mild delays with coordination. Girls with triple X syndrome may develop anxiety , depression , and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD. These problems might ease as they get older and reach adulthood. Otherwise, treatment can help manage them. Rarely, a girl may develop kidney and heart problems, frequent urinary tract infections UTIs , stomach pain, constipation, flat feet , and an abnormally shaped chest wall and ribcage called pectus excavatum.
Many girls with triple X syndrome are healthy and have no obvious symptoms. So sometimes the condition isn't diagnosed or is only found while a doctor checks for a different issue. Often triple X syndrome is found because parents talked with a doctor about concerns with their daughter's development. This can help girls receive a diagnosis early.
Research has shown that early interventions and treatments are more effective. To diagnose triple X syndrome, doctors do a blood test to look for the extra X chromosome.
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